Criminal Law

You have the right to remain silent, the right to an attorney (and to have one appointed if you can't afford it), and protection against unreasonable searches. It's usually wise to clearly state you're invoking those rights and to avoid answering questions until a lawyer is present.

Beyond identifying yourself where required, you generally do not have to answer questions and can say you wish to remain silent and want a lawyer. Anything you say can be used against you, so declining to answer until counsel is present is often the safest choice.

Misdemeanors are less serious crimes usually punishable by up to about a year in county jail and/or fines, while felonies are more serious and can carry more than a year in state prison. Classification and penalties vary by state and offense.

A plea bargain is an agreement where the defendant pleads guilty (often to a reduced charge) in exchange for a lighter sentence or dismissal of other charges. Most criminal cases resolve this way, but you should understand the consequences — including on your record — before accepting.

Many states let you expunge or seal certain records, especially for dismissed cases, arrests without conviction, or some lower-level offenses after a waiting period. Eligibility is highly state-specific, so the rules for your state and offense determine what's possible.